Introduction

Noise is a major challenge in wireless communication systems. Common types of noise in wireless technology. It can degrade signal quality, reduce data speeds and even cause communications interruptions. Understanding the different types of noise that can affect wireless networks is critical to designing and operating reliable systems.

Thermal noise

Thermal noise is the most fundamental type of noise. It is cause by the random movement of electrons in a conductor. This random movement creates a fluctuating voltage, which overlaps the transmitted signal. The thermal noise level is proportional to the conductor temperature.

Main characteristics of thermal noise:

• White noise: It has a uniform power spectrum at all frequencies.
• Unavoidable: Cannot be completely eliminated, but its effects can be minimized through appropriate system design and signal processing techniques.

Interference

Interference occurs when signals from other sources, such as other wireless devices or electrical equipment, interfere with the desired signal. This can cause distortion, attenuation or even complete loss of the desired signal.

Common types of interference:

• Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI): Interference of signals in adjacent frequency channels.
• Co-channel interference (CCI): interference of signals on the same frequency channel.
• Multipath interference: Interference caused by reflection and dispersion of the signal by objects in the environment.

Multipath Fade

Multipath fading is a phenomenon that occurs when a transmitted signal reaches the receiver via multiple paths. This can cause the signal to undergo constructive or destructive interference, leading to fluctuations in signal strength.

Multipath Fade Types:

• Flat fading: the signal is attenuated evenly across the entire bandwidth.
• Frequency selective fading: The signal is attenuate differently at different frequencies within the bandwidth.

Impulse sound

Impulse noise is characterize by sudden, short-lived bursts of high-amplitude noise. This can caused by several factors, such as lightning strikes, power surges or faulty equipment.

Main characteristics of impulsive sound:

• Non-Gaussian distribution: does not follow a normal distribution.
• Bursty nature: Occurs in short bursts.

Quantization noise

Quantization noise is introduce during the analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) process. Occurs when the amplitude of the analog signal is rounded to the nearest quantization level. The quantization noise level depends on the number of quantization levels used in the ADC.

Nonlinear distortion

Nonlinear distortion occurs when the amplifier or other wireless system components operate outside of their linear range. This can cause signal distortion by introducing new frequency components.

Atmospheric sound

Atmospheric noise is cause by natural electrical disturbances in the atmosphere, such as lightning and thunder. This type of noise occurs mainly in the lower frequency bands.

Man-made noise

Human-made noise is generated by various human activities, such as industrial processes, emissions from power lines, and vehicle ignition systems.

Mitigation Techniques

To reduce the effects of noise in wireless systems, several techniques can used:

1. Diversity techniques: use of multiple antennas or frequency channels to reduce the impact of fading and interference.
2. Error Correction Coding: Adds redundancy to transmitted data to detect and correct errors caused by noise.
3. Equalization: Compensates for the effects of multipath fading.
4. Filtering: removing unwanted noise components from the signal.
5. Power control: Adjust transmitter power to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio.

Conclusion

By understanding the common types of noise in wireless technology and applying appropriate mitigation techniques, wireless systems can be designed to achieve reliable and efficient communications. For more information visit our website.